Notion. A mental truth which corresponds to an extra-mental truth. If the meaning (what is described) and the concept (what is understood) are compatible, communication is effective.

Concepts in the mind refer to facts outside the mind.¹⁾

“Concepts are the building blocks of thoughts. Consequently, they are crucial to such psychological processes as categorization, inference, memory, learning, and decision-making.”²⁾

Meanings: The mental representations corresponding to words. The image, which is originated in the mind, is called “meaning” in terms of being intended with words, and “concept” in terms of being originated in the mind through words.³⁾

“Since this station is the station where the One of Absolute Grace and Perfection manifests His Existence with His Dignity and Grandeur, one of these two things happens: either all tongues cannot help but remain silent or concepts and words change into symbols, signs, and allusions under the influence of the Divine Grandeur and Majesty.”⁴⁾

“Whereas the word ijaz means conveying the meaning and concept of something in a brief, concise manner; in other words, this means denoting many things in a brief expression and conveying the objective of a statement clearly and concisely in just a few words.”⁵⁾

Explicit meaning: The direct meaning of the speech or text.

Reverse meaning: The indicated opposite meaning. Indirect meaning.

“And neither the heaven nor the earth shed tears over them, nor were they given a respite (when the punishment became due on them).” (Duhan, 44:29). “This Qur’anic verse explicitly states that the heavens and Earth do not weep when unbelievers die, and the reverse meaning implies that the heavens and Earth weep when believers die.”⁶⁾

“Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is the seal of the Prophets. The reverse meaning implies that no Prophet will come after him; it seals and signs his being the last Prophet.”⁷⁾

Attention

Comprehension

Higher-order thinking

Metacognition

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