In other words, taking refuge in God in fear of dying as a non-Muslim and deserving eternal punishment is repentance; annihilating one’s self in God in the
hope of preserving one’s spiritual rank is sincere penitence; and closing one’s self to any desires, ambitions, or aims other than God’s good pleasure is
turning to Him in utmost contrition. The first is the state of all believers, and is expressed in: ‘Repent to God, O believers!’ (24:31). The second is an attribute of saints and the foremost in belief and moral conduct who have been brought near God. Its beginning is seen in: ‘Turn to your Lord repentant’ (39:54), and its end is stated in: He comes with a contrite heart (50:33). The third is for the Prophets and Messengers, all of whom are appreciated and praised by God in the words: ‘How excellent a servant! Truly he was ever turning in contrition (to his Lord)’ (38:44).”
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