Philosophy, whenever it has split from religion, has taken the form of a tree of Zaqqum spreading its dark veils of ascribing partners to God and of misguidance. On the branch of the faculty of
intellect or reason, it has yielded the fruits of atheism, materialism, and naturalism for the intellect’s consumption. On the branch of the faculty of anger and passion, it has produced such tyrants as Nimrod, Pharaoh, and Shaddad to tyrannize people. On the branch of the faculty of lusts and appetites, it has produced the fruits of goddesses, idols and those who have claimed divine status for themselves.